Individual Differences in Intelligence

Study Guide Thinking, Language and Intellignence

(Chapter 10 305-331 and Chapter 11 333-361)

History of Intelligence Testing

  • Francis Galton
  • Alfred Binet
  • Army Alpha and Army Beta
  • David Wechsler

     

Intelligence and Aging

  • Cross-Sectional Studies
  • Longitudinal Studies
  • Individual Changes over Time

     

Developing Intelligence Tests

  • Construct Validity (Content Validity & Criterion-Related Validity)
  • Reliablity (over time, over raters, within the test)

 

Theories of Intelligence

  • Charles Spearman (the G-Factor)
  • Raymond Cattell (Crystallized vs. Fluid)
  • Robert Sternberg (Componential, Experimental, & Contextual)
  • Howard Gardner (7 types of intelligence)

Chapter 10-11 Thinking Language and Intelligence.

1. Describe the nature, function, and formation of concepts.

2. Discuss the major problem-solving strategies and describe the nature of insight.

3. Describe the heuristics that guide decision-making and explain how overconfidence, framing, and belief perseverance can affect judgment.

4. Trace the course of language acquisition and discuss alternative theories of language development.

5. Describe the research on animal communication and discuss the controversy over whether animals have language.

6. Discuss the relationship between thought and language.

7. State the current definition of intelligence, and distinguish between aptitude and achievement tests.

8. Trace the origins of modern intelligence tests.

9. Identify the major principles of good test construction and illustrate their application to intelligence tests.

10. Discuss evidence, derived from factor analysis, regarding intelligence as a general mental ability and/or as many specific abilities.

11. (Thinking Critically) Characterize the mentally gifted and the mentally retarded and describe current thinking about how to treat mentally retarded children.

12. Identify the factors associated with creativity.

13. Discuss evidence for both genetic and environmental influences on intelligence.

14. Describe group differences in intelligence test scores and show how they can be explained in terms of environmental factors.

15. Discuss whether intelligence tests are biased and/or discriminatory.

Intellectual Assessment Links

A Skeptical Interview with Robert Sternberg

Scientific American Article on Intelligence

 



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